Labor freedom
This is a very serious section: are labor practices good in academia?
Is a student dependent on only one person?
They have only one advisor. If the main advisor decides to stop giving good advice for any reason, there are few people they could support. (The supervisor could do only the minimum and leave the student to figure things out themselves.)
Is a student free to leave?
Academia is close-knit, there is a feeling of “I don’t want to take students from others in my field” because it may seem like poaching. Thus, the ability to change supervisors is much more limited than other forms of work.
They may have spent years working towards a degree, which they lose progress if they leave their degree early. If they have not gotten employable skills outside of academia, their situation becomes even more stressful. Maybe they don’t even know how to leave.
Combined, this means that junior researchers are in a very precarious position.